I run a feel put down linux vps hosting cluster in canada and would like to create a jail on the host server to run several decisive services. Does anyone know how to do this in FreeBSD?
Those usual with Java recognize the security concept of a sandbox. For those that aren't, it's the concept that everyone gets a unmatched, well-equipped sandbox to play in, and a person in one sandbox isn't allowed into anyone else's sandbox, not even to parcel anything with anyone else. On FreeBSD, jails implement this concept — they keep processes in their own part of the system, denying access to anything else. A penitentiary requires its own dedicated IP address, though, which can make life difficult for those with limited approach devote space. If this presents you with a hardship, consider at least using chroot. It won't afford you as much insurance, but it does help.
How does this help security? Take, for example, a box with an external FTP server and the firm extranet. An exploit for the server is discovered, and a cracker manages to gain entirely access through the FTP daemon. If the FTP server is not run in a sandbox or jail, the cracker will have access to everything on the prime mover, including sensitive information destined for the company's partners through the extranet. If, however, the FTP server is run in a confine, the cracker will only have access to the FTP files.
There are, of course, still potential risks. If you run at secure with 0, the cracker can simply access the raw disk device and read facts from there. The solution is obvious — on a box sensitive enough to require jails, use appropriate make fast levels as well. This will eliminate a cracker's ability to read from or write to raw disk devices. Configuring a Jug
Configuring a jail is pleasantly simple.
First, ensure that your system environment is jail-clubby. Because each jail requires its own IP address, the services on your box must be configured to listen to specific addresses, not well-deserved every available address. For example, if the box's addresses are 199.232.41.26 (main) and 199.232.41.27 (imprison), to get inetd to listen only on 199.232.41.26, add inetd_flags="-wW -a 199.232.41.26" to /etc/rc.conf. If you be to do this, conflicts may occur over the aliased IP address.
For some daemons, this is not an easy process — sendmail and rpcbind are two examples. If you're using these services on your box, you might upon simply running them inside of a jail of their own. After configuring all of the non-jailed daemons to harken to to a specific address, reboot the machine. This will put everything into a known state, eliminating any passive for confusion.
With the proper host environment in place, create the directory that will put up the jail. In this example, it's /usr/jail/ftp. Now go to /usr/src and run:
# cd /usr/src
# make world DESTDIR=/usr/jail/ftp
# cd etc
# skip town distribution DESTDIR=/usr/jail/ftp
# cd /usr/jail/ftp/dev
# sh
# MAKEDEV jail
# cd ..
# ln -sf /dev/null nucleus
These commands build the jail and populate it with all of the tools that your processes will need to run. Truly, they put in a lot more than just what your processes will need. For example, perl, gcc, and sendmail will all be installed, but you all things considered don't need them in your jail. Keep in mind, though, that it's a lot easier to take stuff out until something breaks than it is to put stuff back in until everything works.
To configure the imprison environment, you might want to copy /stand/sysinstall into /usr/jail/ftp/stand, to demand you with an easy configuration interface. I'll show you how to use it in just a second.
With the system rebooted, you're now ready to configure the jail situation. Start the jail for the first time by running:
This will put you at a exterior prompt in your jail environment. From here, you can run /stand/sysinstall (literally, since / now refers to the gaol's root directory, not the system's.)
There are several configuration tasks to perform, such as setting the root shibboleth (don't make it the same as the main system root password!), adding user accounts, and configuring /etc/resolv.conf. Comprehend man 8 jail for more configuration tasks that you'll need to perform. Keep in mind that you want to be qualified to log in to the environment, so consider running an SSH daemon inside the jail.
Once you're done configuring the chokey environment, exit the shell and the jail will be shut down.
You're almost ready to start the Nautical brig "for real." First, add the appropriate IP address alias. For our example, this is done via:
ifconfig fxp0 inet alias 199.232.41.27 255.255.255.255
You can configure this in /etc/rc.conf to be done automatically at boot.
Now, let's start the slammer! This is done with two commands:
You'll see some warning messages scroll by, but don't worry about them. You can now see all the daemons uninterrupted inside the jail, as indicated by the J flag shown in the ps output. If you enabled SSH within the reformatory, you can ssh to
markobaja01 | Feb 25, 2009
How do you setup transparent bridging with FreeBSD and PF?
Feb 25, 2009 by jobaji001 | Posted in Other - Internet
I run a linux vps hosting croft die and would like to establish a transparent firewall between them and the world. I heard that you can do this with 3 NIC's , FreeBSD + PF (Packet percolate). Does anyone know how?
Pf as a see-through bridging firewall on FreeBSD 6 and 7
The Goal:
A way to transparently protect a set of servers as well as monitor the inbound and outbound above to said servers.
Solution:
The end solution was to install FreeBSD 6.2 or 7.0 Come out with on a server and utilize packet filter (pf) as a transparent bridge to meet the IP addressing requirements.
Howto:
1.) Inaugurate FreeBSD
We have a checklist list of tasks to perform to install and lock down our production servers. Buttress your own best practices to get a basic install of FreeBSD 6.2 or 7.0 running and patched. Initiate the minimal amount of options and packages necessary.
You will need, or at least you will most likely want, a third NIC installed in the server. In a plain bridge the WAN and LAN interfaces become “transparent” and no longer take an IP address. So without the third NIC installed and connected to your network you will have no way to remotely administer the server. A benefit of this though is that without an IP address to attack your transparent bridging firewall itself would be unsolicited from attack.
Pf is available in a default install by re-compiling the kernel with specific changes made, or by enabling pf via stone loadable module.
We re-compiled the kernel. The options below were added at the end of the kernel roots and the new kernel compiled:
Use your favorite editor to erase /etc/rc.conf and enable the use of pf
Add:
pf_enable=”YES” # enable PF (load module if required)
pf_rules=”/etc/pf-go.conf” # rules definition file for pf
pf_flags=”" # additional flags for pfctl startup
pflog_empower=”YES” # start pflogd(8)
pflog_logfile=”/var/log/pflog” # where pflogd should assemble the logfile
pflog_flags=”" # additional flags for pflogd startup
5.) Set up the firewall ruleset.
First make a copy of the default ruleset and designate it as a bridging ruleset.
# cp /etc/pf.conf /etc/pf-span.conf
Use your favorite editor to edit /etc/pf-bridge.conf. Place your ruleset within the pf-connect.conf file and save the changes.
Here is the sample ruleset: pf-bridge_generic.txt
6.) Concentrate the rules and enable the firewall.
Finally to actually enable a new ruleset we essential to tell pf to read the config file. This would also automatically happen upon reboot.
# pfctl –f /etc/pf-unite.conf
# pfctl –e
Thats it. You will now need to go through and test the bridge and prove you can access what you intended to allow access to, and that what you wanted to block is now blocked. Expectantly you still have access to the management interface as well. The best test will be to perform some form of vulnerability testing against IPs behind your firewall and the firewall itself.
Some notes on the ruleset specifically:
- There is indeed nothing in the ruleset that designates the firewall as a transparent bridge other than the absence of NAT rules. The connexion built in the OS itself in the /etc/rc.conf file is where the bridging is applied. - The IP addresses in the unsteady and table definitions will obviously have to be updated to fit a different environment. - Many options get by for pf and there are full books dedicated to the art of pf rulesets and using pf in general. This ruleset for example could be expanded to tidy up more use of AltQ for QoS and added protection against DoS attacks.
markobaja01 | Feb 25, 2009
How do you setup dual monitors with KDE and FreeBSD?
Feb 25, 2009 by jobaji001 | Posted in Other - Computers
I difficulty to be able to monitor my linux vps hosting servers with dual monitors in order to be as bountiful as possible -- does anyone know the best way to setup dual monitors on FreeBSD and KDE3?
I found out my video driver and pci configuration by executing the following commands :
X -configure
pciconf -l
I entered the following as my xorg.conf (ATI / RADEON video driver):
Element "InputDevice"
Identifier "Configured Mouse"
Driver "mouse"
Way out "Protocol" "auto"
Election "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Recourse "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Part "Device"
Identifier "ATI Technologies, Inc. Radeon 9600 (R300 AP)"
Driver "ati"
BusID "PCI:1:0:0"
Way out "MergedFB" "true" #Enable MergedFB aim
Option "MonitorLayout" "TMDS, CRT" # Use LCD and CRT even if you have 2 LCD's or CRT's
Way out "OverlayOnCRTC2" "true"
Option "CRT2Hypothesis" "LeftOf" #Physical location of your secondary guard in relationship to your primary monitor.
Option "MetaModes" "1280x1024-1280x1024" #Keep an eye on Resolutions for Primary-Secondary monitors
Option "MergedXineramaCRT2IsScreen0" "straightforwardly" #determines which screen is going to be the primary screen; value can be "be fulfilled" or "false
EndSection
Starting KDE / Xorg initially displays two like monitors. You need to use the "xrandr" utility to utilize the dual observe configuration. The following script, when run after starting KDE will do this for you :
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FreeBSD Quarterly Status Report (April-Sep 2009) | FreeBSD - the ...
by Gerard
This account covers FreeBSD linked projects between April andAbove allSeptember 2009. During that continuously a lot of occupation has been done onParticularlyspacious mixture of projects, including the Google Summer of PandectByprojects. The BSDCan colloquium was held in Ottawa, CA, in May. The EuroBSDCon colloquium was held in Cambridge, UK, in September. Both events were very lucky. A new larger translation of FreeBSD, 8.0 is to be released promptly
IBM: " The FreeBSD operating system is the unrecognized leviathan among self-governed operating systems . Starting out from the 386BSD fling, it is an hellishly unshakable UNIX-like operating system mostly for the Intel flake and its clones. In many ways, FreeBSD has always been the operating system that GNU/Linux-based operating systems should have been. It runs on out-of-year Intel machines and 64-bit AMD chips, and it serves terabytes of files a day on some of the largest fill out servers on planet.
